Batteries, Bulbs and Wires

How many wires does it take to light a bulb?

It takes one wire to light a bulb! There are two different orientations of ways to light the bulb, and each way can be divided again to reveal a new way to light the bulb. I will go over these ways below, but first, here are the prompts we followed during the experiments:

White and Yellow Papers:

Orientation #1: the battery is standing, the light bulb is standing upright on top of the battery, and the wire is touching the bottom end of the battery and the side of the light bulb. Flip the battery to get the second way to light the bulb for this orientation.

Orientation #2: the battery is standing, the bulb is laying down on top of the battery, and the wire  is touching the bottom end of the battery and the side of the light bulb. Flip the battery to get the second way to light the bulb for this orientation.

Green Paper:

Lighting the bulb using 2 pieces of wire:

Without the bulb touching the battery?

     By using two wires, the bulb is not directly touching the battery.

Blue Paper:

Lighting 3 bulbs: 

We can light 2 bulbs with one battery:

Lighting a bulb with 2 batteries:

What happens to the bulb if you continue to add batteries?

     The more batteries you use, the brighter the bulb will light up.

Red Paper:

We were unable to complete or try any of the prompts on the red paper.

Mysterious Hovering Paperclip

What are some “real life” applications of magnetism?

Positive and negative charges affect every magnet. Some have different charges that allow for magnets to either attract or not come together. Magnets can be used in industrial settings, as well as to grab smaller objects. There are many experiences that we've all had with magnetism whether we realize it or not.

What experience have you had with magnets in your life?

Throughout my life, I’ve experienced a few instances regarding magnets. The first that comes to mind is magnets on a fridge, and the second is bobby pins with earrings. Growing up, I never thought to myself “fridges, earrings, and bobby pins are all metals and have a magnetic charge that allows other objects to stick to them”. Now, as I’ve learned more science, I recognize that these things and more are connections that we encounter all of the time whether we realize what they are or not.
Additionally, chances are we've all experienced our parents telling us not to put our hotel key next to your phone. This interaction is very strong and very quick, and deactivates the key and your phone. But why? During this week's investigation, we will determine why magnets do what they do.

What ideas do you have about the science of magnets?

I've noticed that everything in the field of science has curious reasons to them. For example, why do opposite charges attract each other? And why do some metals attract metals but others don't? These are just a few ideas that I've had that spike my curiosity and inner scientist.

The experiment:

To test our curiosity with magnets, my group and I put various materials (Lead, Aluminum, Fiberglass, Particle Board, Iron, Cardboard, Copper, Mirror, Glass, Granite, and Foam) in between a strong magnet and a paperclip (tied to a string that is taped to the table), we found that Iron was the only material that broke the magnet field. We also tested whether or not stainless steel would break the field. Because stainless steel is made of different elements, it has less iron in it and therefore doesn't impact the attraction between two magnetic objects.

Why use Science Notebooks?

Have you ever used a notebook (science or otherwise) in school for learning? What was the value? Drawbacks?

Growing up, I always used a science notebook. I would use it for taking notes, creating diagrams, and using it as a tool to better my literacy skills. 

Of course, as a young student, I didn't think of keeping a science notebook as this enjoyable tool that was going to help me learn to write better. I thought they were stupid and pointless, because what were we possibly going to do with them at the end of the year? The only reason I used one was to make sure I was following the teacher's directions so that I could get a good grade and steer clear from having unexpected parent-teacher conferences. 

Looking back, I now see the value of using science notebooks: it teaches kids how to be productive learners. If you aren't taking notes and recording your thoughts, how can you expect to grow academically?

Why would you consider using them in your future classroom?

As a student preparing to becoming a teacher, I can say with confidence that I will use science notebooks in my future classroom. Sure, the students will think they are stupid at first and do the minimum amount of work possible. But it's worth the struggle.

Is there a difference between online blogs and traditional notebooks?

Online blogs are just that-online. The only notable difference between that and a traditional notebook is that it's electronic. Using an electronic notebook is great because not only does it encourage quick typing and fine motor skills, but it allows students to keep up better on the loads and loads of information being handed to them second by second.

Pendulums

What is your personal experience with swinging on anything like a trapeze?

As a kid, I swung on my school's swings a lot. It was my friend and I's favorite thing to do at school. We always had competitions to see who could swing the highest and who could jump off of the swing the highest and land on our feet. Was it dangerous? Oh yeah. Were we asked to stop? Everyday. Did we do it anyway? Of course.

What applications to “real life” do swinging objects have?

In a general sense, we are all in a constant state of “swinging like a trapeze”. The reason I say this is because we do something, something happens, and we do another thing. We are constantly moving in some direction that affects how we move. Things in our lives such as family, friends, education, and activities are always affecting us in a way that forces us to be “swinging back-and-forth”.

Most people predict these three variables are the most important: angle of release, weight and/or length of pendulum.  Which variable(s) or combination of variables do you believe will have the most impact on the frequency of the swings of a pendulum? List them out and then explain why you think that. (this is the same as the formative assessment but this way we can share with our peers and will drive our investigation).

In terms of a pendulum, I believe that the angle of release, weight and length of a pendulum all work together to make the pendulum work effectively. I believe that none of the above factors are more effective than another.

What understanding or ideas do you have about the science of back-and-forth swinging objects?

All i know about the science of back-and-forth swinging objects is that if you drop from angle A, it will not get back to that angle until you restart the process. Slowly but surely, the pendulum will stop.

To test what factors affect the swing of a pendulum, my partners and I tested how angle, weight, and angle plus weight affects the frequency of the pendulum. Each trial was timed for 15 seconds. Here are the results of each factor after four trials:

Variable(s)	Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3	Trial 4	Mean
Angle/Weight	70-1: 9.25 swings	90-2: 9 swings	80-3: 9.25 swings	60-4: 9.25 swings	9.19 swings
Angle (degrees)	70: 10 swings	90: 9 swings	80: 9 swings	60: 9 swings	9.25 swings
Weight (# washers; 80 degrees)	1: 9 swings	2: 9.5 swings	3: 9.25 swings	4: 9 swings	9.19 swings

Questions to consider: if there was a significant amount of weight added to the pendulum, how much would that weight affect the amount of time it takes for the pendulum to complete a full cycle?